The minimum number of independent validators or pools required to halt a blockchain. For proof-of-stake chains, this means controlling 33%+ of staked supply. Bitcoin and Ethereum have low Nakamoto coefficients (~4) due to mining-pool and staking-pool concentration. Solana’s sits at ~32. The metric is a useful but partial measure of decentralization. See our analysis.
Nakamoto coefficient
The minimum number of independent validators or pools required to halt a blockchain. For proof-of-stake chains, this means controlling 33%+ of staked supply. Bitcoin and Ethereum have low Nakamoto coefficients (~4) due to mining-pool and staking-pool concentration. Solana's sits at ~32. The metric is a useful but partial measure of decentralization. See our analysis.
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