A Layer 2 scaling solution that executes transactions off-chain and posts compressed proofs or data back to the Layer 1. Optimistic rollups assume validity and rely on fraud proofs; ZK rollups prove validity cryptographically. Major rollups: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, zkSync, Starknet. Rollups have absorbed the majority of Ethereum’s transaction volume since EIP-4844.
Rollup
A Layer 2 scaling solution that executes transactions off-chain and posts compressed proofs or data back to the Layer 1. Optimistic rollups assume validity and rely on fraud proofs; ZK rollups prove validity cryptographically. Major rollups: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, zkSync, Starknet. Rollups have absorbed the majority of Ethereum's transaction volume since EIP-4844.
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